3 in 1 👉 Notes on OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH , ENVIRONMENT & IT LITERACY in ENGLISH language
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SAFETY SUPER 20,
BASIC SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ALP CBT 2: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLZwKbUhnxy6P456Qu7W9SRLscySoUkt07
In accordance with the Factories Act 1948, an occupier of an establishment has to ensure the health, safety and welfare of all the workers while they are at work in the factory.
A safe and healthy work environment is the basic right of every worker.
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Constitutional Provision for Occupational Safety and Health 🚔🚑🚑
Article 24 – No child below the age of fourteen years shall be employed to work in any factory or mine or engaged in other hazardous employment.
Article 42 – The state shall make provision for securing just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief.
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Occupational Disease🚔🚑
The most common disease is bysinossis caused by cotton dust in the textile industry.
Asthma and allergies are common among workers in grain and tea production. Chronic lung diseases such as silicosis and pneumoconiosis are due to mineral dust.
Heavy metal poisoning especially lead, chromium, pesticide and other chemical poisoning are quite common.
Deafness, largely undiagnosed and unreported, is very common in industries like engineering, heavy machinery, textile and manufacturing.
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Workmen’s Compensation🚑🚔
There are two main laws for compensating occupational diseases and accidents:
✔Workman’s Compensation Act 1923
✔Employees State Insurance (ESI)Act 1948
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OSH Legislation
The Factories Act 1948, amended 1954, 1970, 1976, 1987
The Mines Act, 1952
The Dock workers (safety, health and welfare) Act, 1986
The Plantation Labour Act, 1951
The Explosives Act, 1884
The Petroleum Act, 1934
The Insecticide Act, 1968
The Indian Boilers Act, 1923
The Indian Electricity Act, 1910
The Dangerous Machines (Regulations) Act, 1983
The Indian Atomic Energy Act, 1962
The Radiological Protection Rules, 1971
The Manufacture, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989
Factories Act
On health this law requires employers:
to ensure cleanliness of the workplace;
make effective arrangement for treatment and disposal of waste and effluent;
make suitable and effective provisions for adequate ventilation;
maintain temperatures to secure reasonable comfort for workers;
remove any dust or fumes from the workplace which may be injurious to workers;
prevent overcrowding by maintaining a specific cubic area for each worker;
provide sufficient and suitable light;
make suitable arrangements to provide clean drinking water conveniently situated for all workers and;
provide suitable latrines and urinals to specified standards.
The Factories Act requires employers to provide basic safety measures including:
securely guarding all parts of dangerous machinery;
precautions for working on machinery;
emergency devices for cutting off power;
maintain hoists and lifts;
lifting machines, chains, ropes, and other lifting tackle must be maintained in good condition;
test pressurised vessels regularly;
ensure walking surfaces are of sound construction;
provide protective equipment;
measures to remove gas and dust before entering confined places;
measures to prevent fires.
The factory occupier must disclose information about:
dangers, health hazards, and measures to protect workers from substances or materials in manufacture, transportation, storage etc. to the workers, the chief factory inspector, and the local authority;
safety and policy;
quantity and characteristics and disposal of substances and waste;
emergency plans to workers and the local public;
handling, using, transportation, storage and disposal of hazardous substances to workers and the local public.
The Factories Act also binds the employer to maintain up-to-date health records of workers, and to appoint a person experienced in handling hazardous substances to supervise handling, and provide protective measures and regular medical examinations.
The Chief Factory Inspector of the Factory Inspectorate enforces The Factories Act.
But a major problem is poor enforcement of the law. There are too few Factory Inspectors who are not even provided with adequate resources.
Mines Act
This law specifies:
minimum age of employment is 18;
one day of rest per week;
limited working hours;
no underground work for women;
provision of clean water and medical facilities;
constitution of tripartite committees;
no unsafe mines;
right of inspectors to survey safety and health;
emergency plans;
notification of occupational diseases.
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